References

The ORTEP-A has published the data as presented in this document in 1997. The review has been prepared by the following ORTEP members:

• Akcros Chemicals
• Bärlocher
• ATOFINA Chemicals, Inc.
• Rohm and Haas
• Crompton GmbH Vinyl Additives

[2] Ciba-Geigy/Schering AG, Two-generation Reproduction Toxicity Study of MOTTG/DOTTG in Rats by Administration in the Diet, LPT-report No. 6247/1/91, June 1996.

[3] Synoptic Document N° 7 – Draft of provisional list of monomiers and additives used in the manufacture of plastics and coatings intended to come into contact with foodstuffs – Scientific Committee for Food – Commissions of the European Communities – DG III.

[4] TNO Nutrition and Food Research – Determination of the overall and specific migration from an A4-film – Project N° 815532 – Analytical report N° 1-5 – June 1995.

[5] Maguire, R.J. – Aquatic Environmental Aspects of Non-Pesticidal Organotin Compounds – Water Poll. Res. J. Canada 26, 243-360, 1991.

[6] Jewett K.L. Brinckman F.E. – Speciation of Trace Di- and Triorganotins in Water by Ion-Exchange HPLC-GFAA – J. Chromatogr. Sci. 19, 583-593 – 1981.

[7] U.S. E.P.A. (1983) Federal Register 48:51361-61366.

[8] Maguire R.J. – National Water Research Institute – Burlington, Ontario, Canada – Letter to Drs. J.A. Jonker – 17-09-1992.

[9] Fent K., – Organotins in Municipal Waste Water and Sewage Sludge. In Organotins: Fate and Effects in the Environment – M.A. Champ, P.F. Seligman, eds. – Elsevier Publ., Amsterdam – 1991.

[10] Fent K., Muller M.D. (1991), Occurrence of Organotins in Municipal Waste Water and Sewage Sludge and Behavior in a Treatment Plant. Environ. Sci. Technol. 25, 489-493.

[11] Norin H., Boren H. – Organiska Tennföreninger rötslam från några svenska reningsverk – IVL – Rapport.

[12] Press W., Länge R. – Letter of ORTEP to KEMI – 08-05-1996.

[13] Dietz G.R., Banger, J.D., Miller E.M. – Water extraction of Additives from PVC Pipes – J. of Vinyl Technology – Vol 1, N° 3 – Sept. 1970.

[14] NSF International (1993), communication to Morton International.

[15] Wu W., Roberts R.S., Chang Y.C., Ernst W.R., Havlicek S.C. (1989). The Extraction of Organotin Compounds from Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 18; 839-843.

[16] Quevauviller P., Brachet A., Donard O.F.X. (1991) Leaching of Organotin Compounds from Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Material. App. Organometallic Chem. 5, 125-129.

[17] Boettner E.A., Ball G.L., Hollingworth Z., Aquino R. (1981). Organic and Organotin Compounds Leached from PVC and PVC Pipe. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report EPA-Leco/1-81-082. U.S. E.P.A., Cincinnati, Ohio 45288.

[18] Sadiki A., Williams D.T. (1996), Speciation of Organotin and Organolead Compounds in Drinking Water by Gas Chromatography – Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Chemosphere V. 32, N° 10, 1983-1992 (1996).

[19] Ciba-Geigy Ltd. Report on the Test for Ready Biodegradability in the Modified Sturm Test of Irgastab T 265. Test No.: 928287. 18.9.1992.

[20] Waldock M.J., Thain J.E., Smith D., Milton S., The degradation of TBT in estuarine sediments. Proc. 3^rd Intern. Organotin Symposium, Monaco, 17.-20.04.1990.

[21] Walsh G.E., McLaughlan L.L., Lores E.M., Louie M.K., Deans C.H. (1985). Effects of Organotins on Growth and Survival of Two Marine Diatoms, Skeletonema Costatum and Thalassiosira pseudonana. Chemosphere 14, 383-392.

[22] Wilbury T.R., Acute Toxicity of Monomethyltin Trichloride to the Marine Alga, Skeletonems costatum. Study No. 997-MO. 12.3.1996.

[23] Wilbury T.R., Acuty Toxicity of Dimethyltin Dichloride to the Marine Alga, Skeletonema costatum. Study No. 998-MO. 12.3.1996. .

[24] Acima A.G. Acute Toxicity to Daphnia, Daphnia Magna, Acute Immobilisation Test. Test Substance: Monobutyltin Trichloride. Code Nr. D9215.7.6.1992.

[25] Vighi M., Calamari D. (1985). QSARs for Organotin Compounds on Daphnia magna. Chemosphere 14, 1925-1932.

[26] Analytical Bio-Chemistry Laboratories, Inc. Acute Toxicity of Dibutyltin Dichloride to Daphnia Magna. Report #38309. 6.6.1990.

[25] Thorn R.M., Karle L.M., Word J.Q., Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Statistic Acute 48-Hour Toxicity Test of Dibutyltin Dichloride (DBTD) to Oyster Larvae. BNW No.: 12716. 7.2.1991.

[28] Acima A.G. Akute Bakterlentoxizitat. Zellvermehrungshemmtest mit Pseudomonas Putida. Testsubstanz: Monooclyizinntrichlorid. 27.2.1985.

[29] Acima A.G. Akute Bakterlentoxizitat. Zellvermehrungshemmtest mit Pseudomonas Putida. Testsubstanz: Monooctylzinntris (thioglykolsäure-2-ethylhexylester). 11.3.1995.

[30] Steinhäuser K.G., Amann W., Spath A., Polenz A. (1985). Untersuchungen zur aquatischen Toxizhälzinnorganischer Verbindungen. Vom Wasser 65, 203-214.

[31] Ciba-Geigy Ltd. Report on the Test for Acute Toxicity of TK 11339 to Daphnia magna. Project No.: 884190. 14.3.1988.

[32] ACIMA A.G., Acute Toxicity to Daphnia. Daphnia magna, Acute Immobilisation Test. Test substance: Dioctyltindichloride. 29.3.1992.

[33] Ciba-Geigy Ltd. Report on the Test for Acute Toxicity of TK 10975 to Daphnia magna. Project No.: 804105. 17.3.1988.

[34] Wilbury T.R., Acute Toxicity of Mixed Methyltin Chlorides to the Earthworm, Eisenia foetida. Study No. 860-MO. 15.12.1995.

[35] Wilbury T.R., Acute Toxicity of Alkyltin MA to the Earthworm, Eisenia foetida. Study No. 867-MO. 5.1.1996.

[36] Wilbury T.R., Acute Toxicity of Alkyltin ME to the Earthworm, Eisenia foetida. Study No. 874-MO. 30.11.1995.

[37] Janus, J.A., Rikken M.G.J. – Ecotoxicologische Beoordeling van Tin als Alternatief voor Vislood. RIVM, Reportz no. 96/601503/001, Billthoven, April 1996.

[38] European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Environmental Assessment of Substances, Technical Report #51, January 1993.

[39] Maguire R.J., Long G., Meek M.E., Savard S. – Canadian Environmental Protection Act Priority Substances List Assessment Report – Non-Pesticidal Organotin Compounds – Department of the Environment, Commercial Chemical Evaluation Branch, Ottawa, Ont. K1AOH3, Canada.

[40] Tötsch W., Gaenssle H., Polyvinylchlorid; zur Umweltrelevanz eines Standardkunstsoffes – Verla TÜV Rheinland, 1990.